시간의 until vs 기한의 by · 차이와 구분

01 · 이해하기

핵심 기준으로 비교해요.

비교표 근거: 출처: 인사혁신처, 2026 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 15번 (새 탭) ↗ 출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 15번 (새 탭) ↗ 출처: 인사혁신처, 2025 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 나책형 15번 (새 탭) ↗ 출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 15번 (새 탭) ↗ 출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 19번 (새 탭) ↗ 출처: 인사혁신처, 2026 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 16번 (새 탭) ↗

03 · 실제 출제 확인

기출 지문과 표현에서 확인해요.

관련 기출 6문항을 연결했어요. 지문·표현의 용례를 통해 개념을 확인하세요. 모든 문항이 이 개념만을 직접 묻는다는 뜻은 아닙니다.

원래 기출의 지문·발문·선지에서 관련 표현을 발췌했습니다. 출제 맥락과 정답은 회차 페이지에서 함께 확인하세요.

1. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2026 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 15번 지문 용례

   다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

   have no physical connection to their operator. Rather, AUVs are programmed or controlled by operators who may be on a vessel or even on shore, who tell an AUV where, when, and what should be sampled. AUVs carry a variety of equipment for sampling and surveying such as cameras, sonar, and depth sensors. Unlike ROVs, which transmit video via their tethers almost instantaneously to a control room on a ship, an AUV stores all data, including images and other sensor data, on onboard computers until it can be retrieved after the AUV is recovered at the end of a dive.

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2. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 15번 지문 용례

   다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

   hangs a bucket from the tap, and the sap drips into it. That sap is collected and boiled until a sweet syrup remains—forty gallons of sugar maple tree “water” make one gallon of syrup. That’s a lot of buckets, a lot of steam, and a lot of work. Even so, most of maple syrup producers are family farmers who collect the buckets by hand and boil the sap into syrup themselves.

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3. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2025 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 나책형 15번 선지 2

   다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

   Department of Health and Human Services Mission Statement The mission of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) is to enhance the health and well-being of all individuals in the nation, by providing for effective health and human services and by fostering sound, sustained advances in the sciences underlying medicine, public health, and social services. Organizational Structure HHS accomplishes its mission through programs and initiatives that cover a wide spectrum of activities. Eleven operating divisions, including eight agencies in the Public Health Service and three human services agencies, administer HHS’s programs. While HHS is a domestic agency working to protect and promote the health and well-being of the American people, the interconnectedness of our world requires that HHS engage globally to fulfill its mission. Cross-Agency Collaborations Improving health and human services outcomes cannot be achieved by the Department on its own; collaborations are critical to achieve our goals and objectives. HHS collaborates closely with other federal departments and agencies on cross-cutting topics.

   HHS’s programs are administered by the eleven operating divisions.

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4. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 15번 선지 2

   밑줄 친 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

   Beliefs about maintaining ties with those who have died vary from culture to culture. For example, maintaining ties with the deceased is accepted and sustained in the religious rituals of Japan. Yet among the Hopi Indians of Arizona, the deceased are forgotten as quickly as possible and life goes on as usual. (A) , the Hopi funeral ritual concludes with a break-off between mortals and spirits. The diversity of grieving is nowhere clearer than in two Muslim societies－one in Egypt, the other in Bali. Among Muslims in Egypt, the bereaved are encouraged to dwell at length on their grief, surrounded by others who relate to similarly tragic accounts and express their sorrow. (B) , in Bali, bereaved Muslims are encouraged to laugh and be joyful rather than be sad.

   In fact By contrast

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5. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 19번 선지 3

   (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

   Ancient philosophers and spiritual teachers understood the need to balance the positive with the negative, optimism with pessimism, a striving for success and security with an openness to failure and uncertainty. The Stoics recommended “the premeditation of evils,” or deliberately visualizing the worst-case scenario. This tends to reduce anxiety about the future: when you soberly picture how badly things could go in reality, you usually conclude that you could cope. (A), they noted, imagining that you might lose the relationships and possessions you currently enjoy increases your gratitude for having them now. Positive thinking, (B), always leans into the future, ignoring present pleasures.

   Besides by contrast

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6. 출처: 인사혁신처, 2026 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 가책형 16번 지문 용례

   주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것은?

   But by getting aggressive, they might not only damage their relationships but also miss the chance of growing through constructive feedback. Conflict management can be challenging. When

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