2021~2023 국가직·지방직 선별 9급 · 6세트 기출 기반 · 20문항 여러 회차에서 선별한 문제입니다. 원래 출처는 각 문항에서 확인하세요.
정답·근거 해설오답 재풀이가입·결제 없이
오늘은 어떻게 풀어볼까요?
20분은 연습용 설정이며, 실제 시험의 과목별 제한 시간이 아닙니다.
맛보기 5문제는 이 학습 세트의 20문항 중 일부입니다.
이번 풀이 결과
이번에 다시 볼 단원
이번에 푼 문항만의 결과예요. 합격 가능성이나 전체 실력을 예측하지 않습니다.
기출 01번내용 이해·빈칸 추론
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 9급 공개경쟁채용시험 영어 나책형 5번
다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?
The most notorious case of imported labor is of course the Atlantic slave trade, which brought as many as ten million enslaved Africans to the New World to work the plantations. But although the Europeans may have practiced slavery on the largest scale, they were by no means the only people to bring slaves into their communities: earlier, the ancient Egyptians used slave labor to build their pyramids, early Arab explorers were often also slave traders, and Arabic slavery continued into the twentieth century and indeed still continues in a few places. In the Americas some native tribes enslaved members of other tribes, and slavery was also an institution in many African nations, especially before the colonial period.
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마지막 문장에서 ‘노예제는 많은 아프리카 국가에서도, 특히 식민지 시대 이전에 하나의 제도였다(slavery was also an institution in many African nations)’고 하므로 아프리카 국가에도 노예제가 있었다는 진술은 지문과 일치한다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 18번
주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 것은?
Yet, requests for such self-assessments are pervasive throughout one’s career. The fiscal quarter just ended. Your boss comes by to ask you how well you performed in terms of sales this quarter. How do you describe your performance? As excellent? Good? Terrible? ( ① ) Unlike when someone asks you about an objective performance metric (e.g., how many dollars in sales you brought in this quarter), how to subjectively describe your performance is often unclear. There is no right answer. ( ② ) You are asked to subjectively describe your own performance in school applications, in job applications, in interviews, in performance reviews, in meetings—the list goes on. ( ③ ) How you describe your performance is what we call your level of self-promotion. ( ④ ) Since self-promotion is a pervasive part of work, people who do more self-promotion may have better chances of being hired, being promoted, and getting a raise or a bonus.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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② 앞에서 자기 성과를 주관적으로 설명하는 방법은 불분명하고 ‘정답이 없다’고 했다. ‘그런데도(Yet) 그런 자기 평가 요청은 경력 내내 흔하다’가 오고, 뒤에서 지원서·면접·인사 평가 등 사례가 이어지므로 자연스럽다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 11번
밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A: Did you have a nice weekend? B: Yes, it was pretty good. We went to the movies. A: Oh! What did you see? B: Interstellar. It was really good. A: Really? ____________________________ B: The special effects. They were fantastic. I wouldn’t mind seeing it again.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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‘What did you like the most about it?’는 영화에서 무엇이 가장 좋았는지 묻는 말이다. 빈칸 뒤 B가 ‘The special effects. They were fantastic.’, 즉 특수 효과가 환상적이었다며 좋았던 점을 답하므로 알맞다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 13번
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
One of the areas where efficiency can be optimized is the work force, through increasing individual productivity―defined as the amount of work (products produced, customers served) an employee handles in a given time. In addition to making sure you have invested in the right equipment, environment, and training to ensure optimal performance, you can increase productivity by encouraging staffers to put an end to a modern-day energy drain: multitasking. Studies show it takes 25 to 40 percent longer to get a job done when you’re simultaneously trying to work on other projects. To be more productive, says Andrew Deutscher, vice president of business development at consulting firm The Energy Project, “do one thing, uninterrupted, for a sustained period of time.”
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‘더 큰 효율을 위해 한 번에 한 가지 일을 하라’는 뜻이다. 지문은 멀티태스킹을 멈추게 해 생산성을 높이라고 하고, 마지막에 ‘한 가지 일을 방해받지 않고 오래 하라’는 인용으로 맺으므로 제목에 맞는다.
Deserts cover more than one-fifth of the Earth’s land area, and they are found on every continent. A place that receives less than 25 centimeters (10 inches) of rain per year is considered a desert. Deserts are part of a wider class of regions called drylands. These areas exist under a “moisture deficit,” which means they can frequently lose more moisture through evaporation than they receive from annual precipitation. Despite the common conceptions of deserts as hot, there are cold deserts as well. The largest hot desert in the world, northern Africa’s Sahara, reaches temperatures of up to 50 degrees Celsius (122 degrees Fahrenheit) during the day. But some deserts are always cold, like the Gobi Desert in Asia and the polar deserts of the Antarctic and Arctic, which are the world’s largest. Others are mountainous. Only about 20 percent of deserts are covered by sand. The driest deserts, such as Chile’s Atacama Desert, have parts that receive less than two millimeters (0.08 inches) of precipitation a year. Such environments are so harsh and otherworldly that scientists have even studied them for clues about life on Mars. On the other hand, every few years, an unusually rainy period can produce “super blooms,” where even the Atacama becomes blanketed in wildflowers.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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지문은 ‘The driest deserts, such as Chile’s Atacama Desert(칠레의 아타카마 같은 가장 건조한 사막)’는 연 강수량이 2mm 미만인 곳도 있다고 한다. 가장 비가 많이 오는 사막이라는 진술은 반대이다.
Markets in water rights are likely to evolve as a rising population leads to shortages and climate change causes drought and famine. ① But they will be based on regional and ethical trading practices and will differ from the bulk of commodity trade. ② Detractors argue trading water is unethical or even a breach of human rights, but already water rights are bought and sold in arid areas of the globe from Oman to Australia. ③ Drinking distilled water can be beneficial, but may not be the best choice for everyone, especially if the minerals are not supplemented by another source. ④ “We strongly believe that water is in fact turning into the new gold for this decade and beyond,” said Ziad Abdelnour. “No wonder smart money is aggressively moving in this direction.”
정답·근거 해설 보기
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③은 ‘Drinking distilled water can be beneficial(증류수를 마시는 것은 이로울 수 있다)’며 미네랄 보충을 이야기한다. 글은 물 권리의 시장 거래를 다루는데 ③은 증류수의 건강 효과라는 다른 화제여서 흐름에서 벗어난다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 17번
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
In one study, done in the early 1970s when young people tended to dress in either “hippie” or “straight” fashion, experimenters donned hippie or straight attire and asked college students on campus for a dime to make a phone call. When the experimenter was dressed in the same way as the student, the request was granted in more than two-thirds of the instances; when the student and requester were dissimilarly dressed, the dime was provided less than half the time. Another experiment showed how automatic our positive response to similar others can be. Marchers in an antiwar demonstration were found to be more likely to sign the petition of a similarly dressed requester and to do so without bothering to read it first.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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‘사람들은 자신과 비슷하게 옷을 입은 사람을 더 잘 돕는다’는 뜻이다. 실험자의 옷차림이 학생과 같을 때 ‘3분의 2 이상’이 10센트를 주었고 다를 때는 ‘절반 미만’이었으며, 시위 참가자도 비슷한 차림의 요청자 청원에 더 서명했으므로 요지에 맞는다.
In the blazing midday sun, the yellow egg-shaped rock stood out from a pile of recently unearthed gravel. Out of curiosity, sixteen-year-old miner Komba Johnbull picked it up and fingered its flat, pyramidal planes. Johnbull had never seen a diamond before, but he knew enough to understand that even a big find would be no larger than his thumbnail. Still, the rock was unusual enough to merit a second opinion. Sheepishly, he brought it over to one of the more experienced miners working the muddy gash deep in the jungle. The pit boss’s eyes widened when he saw the stone. “Put it in your pocket,” he whispered. “Keep digging.” The older miner warned that it could be dangerous if anyone thought they had found something big. So Johnbull kept shoveling gravel until nightfall, pausing occasionally to grip the heavy stone in his fist. Could it be?
정답·근거 해설 보기
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다이아몬드일지도 모르는 돌을 본 현장 책임자가 ‘주머니에 넣고 계속 파라’고 속삭였고, Johnbull은 밤까지 일하며 ‘가끔 멈춰 무거운 돌을 주먹에 꽉 쥐었다’. 마지막 ‘Could it be?(설마 진짜일까?)’는 큰 발견에 대한 기대와 흥분을 보여 주므로 ‘신나고 흥분된’ 심경이 맞다.
Thus, blood, and life-giving oxygen, are easier for the heart to circulate to the brain. People can be exposed to gravitational force, or g-force, in different ways. It can be localized, affecting only a portion of the body, as in getting slapped on the back. It can also be momentary, such as hard forces endured in a car crash. A third type of g-force is sustained, or lasting for at least several seconds. ( ① ) Sustained, body-wide g-forces are the most dangerous to people. ( ② ) The body usually withstands localized or momentary g-force better than sustained g-force, which can be deadly because blood is forced into the legs, depriving the rest of the body of oxygen. ( ③ ) Sustained g-force applied while the body is horizontal, or lying down, instead of sitting or standing tends to be more tolerable to people, because blood pools in the back and not the legs. ( ④ ) Some people, such as astronauts and fighter jet pilots, undergo special training exercises to increase their bodies’ resistance to g-force.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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④ 앞은 몸이 수평으로 누워 있으면 ‘blood pools in the back and not the legs(혈액이 다리가 아닌 등에 고인다)’고 한다. 혈액이 다리로 쏠리지 않으니 ‘Thus(따라서)’ 혈액과 산소가 뇌로 더 쉽게 순환한다는 결과가 바로 이어진다.
Warming temperatures and loss of oxygen in the sea will shrink hundreds of fish species―from tunas and groupers to salmon, thresher sharks, haddock and cod―even more than previously thought, a new study concludes. Because warmer seas speed up their metabolisms, fish, squid and other water-breathing creatures will need to draw more oxygen from the ocean. At the same time, warming seas are already reducing the availability of oxygen in many parts of the sea. A pair of University of British Columbia scientists argue that since the bodies of fish grow faster than their gills, these animals eventually will reach a point where they can’t get enough oxygen to sustain normal growth. “What we found was that the body size of fish decreases by 20 to 30 percent for every 1 degree Celsius increase in water temperature,” says author William Cheung.
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첫 문장에서 ‘수온 상승과 바닷속 산소 감소가 수백 종의 물고기를 작아지게 할 것’이라 하고, 끝에서 ‘수온이 1도 오를 때마다 몸 크기가 20~30% 줄어든다’는 연구 결과를 제시한다. ‘기후 변화가 세계의 물고기를 작아지게 할 수 있다’가 제목으로 알맞다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 13번
다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?
Women are experts at gossiping, and they always talk about trivial things, or at least that’s what men have always thought. However, some new research suggests that when women talk to women, their conversations are far from frivolous, and cover many more topics (up to 40 subjects) than when men talk to other men. Women’s conversations range from health to their houses, from politics to fashion, from movies to family, from education to relationship problems, but sports are notably absent. Men tend to have a more limited range of subjects, the most popular being work, sports, jokes, cars, and women. According to Professor Petra Boynton, a psychologist who interviewed over 1,000 women, women also tend to move quickly from one subject to another in conversation, while men usually stick to one subject for longer periods of time. At work, this difference can be an advantage for men, as they can put other matters aside and concentrate fully on the topic being discussed. On the other hand, it also means that they sometimes find it hard to concentrate when several things have to be discussed at the same time in a meeting.
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여성의 대화 주제는 건강·집·정치·패션·영화·가족·교육·관계 문제까지 다양하지만 ‘but sports are notably absent’, 즉 스포츠는 눈에 띄게 빠져 있다고 했다. 스포츠까지 이른다는 진술은 지문과 일치하지 않는다.
Today, Lamarck is unfairly remembered in large part for his mistaken explanation of how adaptations evolve. He proposed that by using or not using certain body parts, an organism develops certain characteristics. (A) There is no evidence that this happens. Still, it is important to note that Lamarck proposed that evolution occurs when organisms adapt to their environments. This idea helped set the stage for Darwin. (B) Lamarck thought that these characteristics would be passed on to the offspring. Lamarck called this idea inheritance of acquired characteristics. (C) For example, Lamarck might explain that a kangaroo’s powerful hind legs were the result of ancestors strengthening their legs by jumping and then passing that acquired leg strength on to the offspring. However, an acquired characteristic would have to somehow modify the DNA of specific genes in order to be inherited.
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용불용으로 형질이 발달한다는 주장 → (B) 'these characteristics'가 자손에게 전해진다는 '획득 형질 유전' → (C) 캥거루 다리 예시와 'However... would have to modify the DNA'(유전되려면 DNA가 바뀌어야 함) → (A) 'There is no evidence that this happens'(그런 증거는 없다), 그래도 다윈의 토대가 됨. 이 순서가 자연스럽습니다.
During the late twentieth century socialism was on the retreat both in the West and in large areas of the developing world. During this new phase in the evolution of market capitalism, global trading patterns became increasingly interlinked, and advances in information technology meant that deregulated financial markets could shift massive flows of capital across national boundaries within seconds. ‘Globalization’ boosted trade, encouraged productivity gains and lowered prices, but critics alleged that it exploited the low-paid, was indifferent to environmental concerns and subjected the Third World to a monopolistic form of capitalism. Many radicals within Western societies who wished to protest against this process joined voluntary bodies, charities and other non-governmental organizations, rather than the marginalized political parties of the left. The environmental movement itself grew out of the recognition that the world was interconnected, and an angry, if diffuse, international coalition of interests emerged.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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글은 세계화가 저임금자를 착취하고 환경에 무관심하며 제3세계를 독점적 자본주의에 종속시켰다는 비판을 소개하고, 이에 맞서 시민단체·환경 운동·국제 연대 같은 반응이 나타났다고 한다. 세계 자본주의의 착취적 성격과 다양한 사회적 반발이 주제이다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 19번
(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Ancient philosophers and spiritual teachers understood the need to balance the positive with the negative, optimism with pessimism, a striving for success and security with an openness to failure and uncertainty. The Stoics recommended “the premeditation of evils,” or deliberately visualizing the worst-case scenario. This tends to reduce anxiety about the future: when you soberly picture how badly things could go in reality, you usually conclude that you could cope. (A), they noted, imagining that you might lose the relationships and possessions you currently enjoy increases your gratitude for having them now. Positive thinking, (B), always leans into the future, ignoring present pleasures.
정답·근거 해설 보기
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(A)에는 불안 감소에 이어 감사 증가라는 이점을 더하는 Besides(게다가)가 맞다. (B)에는 현재를 감사하게 하는 부정적 상상과 달리 긍정적 사고는 ‘always leans into the future, ignoring present pleasures’라는 대조이므로 by contrast(대조적으로)가 맞다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 11번
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
For people who are blind, everyday tasks such as sorting through the mail or doing a load of laundry present a challenge. (A) That’s the thinking behind Aira, a new service that enables its thousands of users to stream live video of their surroundings to an on-demand agent, using either a smartphone or Aira’s proprietary glasses. (B) But what if they could “borrow” the eyes of someone who could see? (C) The Aira agents, who are available 24/7, can then answer questions, describe objects or guide users through a location.
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시각장애인에게 일상 업무가 어렵다 → (B) 'But what if they could borrow the eyes...'(볼 수 있는 사람의 눈을 빌린다면?) → (A) 그것이 Aira의 발상으로, 주변 영상을 상담원에게 실시간 전송 → (C) 'The Aira agents... can then answer questions'(그러면 상담원이 질문에 답하고 안내). But, That, then의 연결이 자연스럽습니다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 9번
다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?
The definition of ‘turn’ casts the digital turn as an analytical strategy which enables us to focus on the role of digitalization within social reality. As an analytical perspective, the digital turn makes it possible to analyze and discuss the societal meaning of digitalization. The term ‘digital turn’ thus signifies an analytical approach which centers on the role of digitalization within a society. If the linguistic turn is defined by the epistemological assumption that reality is constructed through language, the digital turn is based on the assumption that social reality is increasingly defined by digitalization. Social media symbolize the digitalization of social relations. Individuals increasingly engage in identity management on social networking sites(SNS). SNS are polydirectional, meaning that users can connect to each other and share information. ※ epistemological: 인식론의
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글은 디지털 전환을 ‘focus on the role of digitalization within social reality’ 하는 분석 전략으로 정의하고, 사회적 현실이 점점 디지털화로 규정된다고 말한다. ‘사회적 현실의 맥락 속 디지털화’가 제목으로 적절하다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 12번
주어진 문장이 들어갈 위치로 가장 적절한 곳은?
The comparison of the heart to a pump, however, is a genuine analogy. An analogy is a figure of speech in which two things are asserted to be alike in many respects that are quite fundamental. Their structure, the relationships of their parts, or the essential purposes they serve are similar, although the two things are also greatly dissimilar. Roses and carnations are not analogous. ( ① ) They both have stems and leaves and may both be red in color. ( ② ) But they exhibit these qualities in the same way; they are of the same genus. ( ③ ) These are disparate things, but they share important qualities: mechanical apparatus, possession of valves, ability to increase and decrease pressures, and capacity to move fluids. ( ④ ) And the heart and the pump exhibit these qualities in different ways and in different contexts.
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③ 앞까지 장미·카네이션이 ‘같은 속이라 유비가 아니다’는 설명이 끝나고, 뒤는 ‘These are disparate things(이것들은 서로 다른 것이다)’로 시작해 판막·압력 등 공통점을 든다. 주어진 문장이 however로 전환하며 These가 가리킬 심장과 펌프를 처음 제시하므로 ③이 맞다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2021 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 18번
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
“In Judaism, we’re largely defined by our actions,” says Lisa Grushcow, the senior rabbi at Temple Emanu-El-Beth Sholom in Montreal. “You can’t really be an armchair do-gooder.” This concept relates to the Jewish notion of tikkun olam, which translates as “to repair the world.” Our job as human beings, she says, “is to mend what’s been broken. It’s incumbent on us to not only take care of ourselves and each other but also to build a better world around us.” This philosophy conceptualizes goodness as something based in service. Instead of asking “Am I a good person?” you may want to ask “What good do I do in the world?” Grushcow’s temple puts these beliefs into action inside and outside their community. For instance, they sponsored two refugee families from Vietnam to come to Canada in the 1970s.
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글은 tikkun olam을 ‘to repair the world(세상을 고치다)’로 풀이하고 ‘Our job as human beings is to mend what’s been broken’이라 말한다. 인간은 행동으로 세상을 치유해야 한다는 요지와 맞는다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 14번
글의 흐름상 가장 어색한 문장은?
The skill to have a good argument is critical in life. But it’s one that few parents teach to their children. ① We want to give kids a stable home, so we stop siblings from quarreling and we have our own arguments behind closed doors. ② Yet if kids never get exposed to disagreement, we may eventually limit their creativity. ③ Children are most creative when they are free to brainstorm with lots of praise and encouragement in a peaceful environment. ④ It turns out that highly creative people often grow up in families full of tension. They are not surrounded by fistfights or personal insults, but real disagreements. When adults in their early 30s were asked to write imaginative stories, the most creative ones came from those whose parents had the most conflict a quarter-century earlier.
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③은 ‘아이들은 평화로운 환경에서 많은 칭찬과 격려 속에 자유롭게 생각할 때 가장 창의적이다’는 뜻이다. 앞뒤 문장은 ‘갈등을 접하지 않으면 창의성이 제한된다’, ‘창의적인 사람은 긴장이 많은 가정에서 자란다’고 하므로 주장과 정반대인 문장이다.
For example, the state archives of New Jersey hold more than 30,000 cubic feet of paper and 25,000 reels of microfilm. Archives are a treasure trove of material: from audio to video to newspapers, magazines and printed material―which makes them indispensable to any History Detective investigation. While libraries and archives may appear the same, the differences are important. ( ① ) An archive collection is almost always made up of primary sources, while a library contains secondary sources. ( ② ) To learn more about the Korean War, you’d go to a library for a history book. If you wanted to read the government papers, or letters written by Korean War soldiers, you’d go to an archive. ( ③ ) If you’re searching for information, chances are there’s an archive out there for you. Many state and local archives store public records―which are an amazing, diverse resource. ( ④ ) An online search of your state’s archives will quickly show you they contain much more than just the minutes of the legislature―there are detailed land grant information to be found, old town maps, criminal records and oddities such as peddler license applications. ※ treasure trove: 귀중한 발굴물(수집물) ※ land grant: (대학․철도 등을 위해) 정부가 주는 땅
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④ 앞 문장은 ‘많은 주·지역 기록 보관소가 놀랍고 다양한 공공 기록을 보관한다’는 일반 진술이다. 그 뒤에 ‘예를 들어 뉴저지 주 기록 보관소는 3만 세제곱피트 이상의 문서를 보유한다’가 이어지고, 다음 문장이 ‘당신 주의 기록 보관소’를 검색해 보라고 연결되므로 가장 자연스럽다.
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