2021~2023 국가직·지방직 선별 9급 · 5세트 기출 기반 · 20문항 여러 회차에서 선별한 문제입니다. 원래 출처는 각 문항에서 확인하세요.
정답·근거 해설오답 재풀이가입·결제 없이
오늘은 어떻게 풀어볼까요?
20분은 연습용 설정이며, 실제 시험의 과목별 제한 시간이 아닙니다.
맛보기 5문제는 이 학습 세트의 20문항 중 일부입니다.
이번 풀이 결과
이번에 다시 볼 단원
이번에 푼 문항만의 결과예요. 합격 가능성이나 전체 실력을 예측하지 않습니다.
기출 01번내용 이해·빈칸 추론
출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 19번
밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.
We live in the age of anxiety. Because being anxious can be an uncomfortable and scary experience, we resort to conscious or unconscious strategies that help reduce anxiety in the moment—watching a movie or TV show, eating, video-game playing, and overworking. In addition, smartphones also provide a distraction any time of the day or night. Psychological research has shown that distractions serve as a common anxiety avoidance strategy. _________, however, these avoidance strategies make anxiety worse in the long run. Being anxious is like getting into quicksand—the more you fight it, the deeper you sink. Indeed, research strongly supports a well-known phrase that “What you resist, persists.”
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 1번
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앞 문장은 주의 분산이 '불안 회피 전략'으로 쓰인다고 하고, 빈칸 문장은 'these avoidance strategies make anxiety worse in the long run(이런 회피 전략이 장기적으로 불안을 악화시킨다)'고 한다. 불안을 줄이려던 행동이 오히려 불안을 키우는 모순이므로 'Paradoxically(역설적으로)'가 알맞다. 'What you resist, persists(저항하는 것은 지속된다)'도 같은 역설을 보여 준다.
In our monthly surveys of 5,000 American workers and 500 U.S. employers, a huge shift to hybrid work is abundantly clear for office and knowledge workers. ① An emerging norm is three days a week in the office and two at home, cutting days on site by 30 % or more. You might think this cutback would bring a huge drop in the demand for office space. ② But our survey data suggests cuts in office space of 1 % to 2 % on average, implying big reductions in density not space. We can understand why. High density at the office is uncomfortable and many workers dislike crowds around their desks. ③ Most employees want to work from home on Mondays and Fridays. Discomfort with density extends to lobbies, kitchens, and especially elevators. ④ The only sure-fire way to reduce density is to cut days on site without cutting square footage as much. Discomfort with density is here to stay according to our survey evidence.
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③ 앞뒤는 사무실의 높은 밀도가 불편하고 그 불편이 로비·주방·엘리베이터까지 이어진다는 내용이다. 직원 대부분이 월요일과 금요일에 재택을 원한다는 ③은 선호 요일 이야기로 밀도라는 논지에서 벗어난다.
A: I heard that the university cafeteria changed their menu. B: Yeah, I just checked it out. A: And they got a new caterer. B: Yes. Sam’s Catering. A: ______________________________________? B: There are more dessert choices. Also, some sandwich choices were removed.
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정답 4번
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앞에서 학교 식당 메뉴가 바뀌고 새 업체(Sam’s Catering)가 들어왔다고 했다. ‘이전 메뉴와 무엇이 다르니’라고 물어야 B가 ‘디저트 선택지가 늘고 샌드위치 몇 개가 빠졌다’며 차이점을 답하는 흐름이 성립한다.
Urban agriculture (UA) has long been dismissed as a fringe activity that has no place in cities; however, its potential is beginning to ① be realized. In fact, UA is about food self-reliance: it involves ② creating work and is a reaction to food insecurity, particularly for the poor. Contrary to ③ which many believe, UA is found in every city, where it is sometimes hidden, sometimes obvious. If one looks carefully, few spaces in a major city are unused. Valuable vacant land rarely sits idle and is often taken over―either formally, or informally―and made ④ productive.
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③은 ‘Contrary to which many believe’이다. 전치사 to의 목적어 자리이면서 뒤에 believe의 목적어가 빠진 불완전한 절이 오므로 선행사를 포함한 관계대명사 what이 와야 한다. ‘많은 사람이 믿는 것과 달리’라는 뜻이 된다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 14번
다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?
Dr. Roossinck and her colleagues found by chance that a virus increased resistance to drought on a plant that is widely used in botanical experiments. Their further experiments with a related virus showed that was true of 15 other plant species, too. Dr. Roossinck is now doing experiments to study another type of virus that increases heat tolerance in a range of plants. She hopes to extend her research to have a deeper understanding of the advantages that different sorts of viruses give to their hosts. That would help to support a view which is held by an increasing number of biologists, that many creatures rely on symbiosis, rather than being self-sufficient.
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 4번
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바이러스가 식물의 가뭄 저항력과 내열성을 높였고, 연구자는 'the advantages that different sorts of viruses give to their hosts(여러 바이러스가 숙주에게 주는 이점)'를 더 이해하고자 한다. 즉 바이러스가 숙주를 해치기만 하는 것이 아니라 이롭게 하기도 한다는 것이 요지다.
Umberto Eco was an Italian novelist, cultural critic and philosopher. He is widely known for his 1980 novel The Name of the Rose, a historical mystery combining semiotics in fiction with biblical analysis, medieval studies and literary theory. He later wrote other novels, including Foucault’s Pendulum and The Island of the Day Before. Eco was also a translator: he translated Raymond Queneau’s book Exercices de style into Italian. He was the founder of the Department of Media Studies at the University of the Republic of San Marino. He died at his Milanese home of pancreatic cancer, from which he had been suffering for two years, on the night of February 19, 2016.
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 4번
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지문은 ‘He died at his Milanese home of pancreatic cancer(밀라노의 자택에서 췌장암으로 사망했다)’고 한다. 암으로 죽은 것은 맞지만 장소가 병원이 아니라 자택이므로 일치하지 않는다.
They installed video cameras at places known for illegal crossings, and put live video feeds from the cameras on a Web site. Immigration reform is a political minefield. ( ① ) About the only aspect of immigration policy that commands broad political support is the resolve to secure the U.S. border with Mexico to limit the flow of illegal immigrants. ( ② ) Texas sheriffs recently developed a novel use of the Internet to help them keep watch on the border. ( ③ ) Citizens who want to help monitor the border can go online and serve as “virtual Texas deputies.” ( ④ ) If they see anyone trying to cross the border, they send a report to the sheriff’s office, which follows up, sometimes with the help of the U.S. Border Patrol.
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 3번
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③ 앞 문장은 ‘Texas sheriffs recently developed a novel use of the Internet(텍사스 보안관들이 인터넷의 새 활용법을 개발했다)’이다. 주어진 문장의 They가 보안관들을 받아 카메라 설치와 웹사이트 영상 공개로 그 방법을 설명하고, 뒤의 시민 온라인 감시로 이어진다.
A: Hi there. May I help you? B: Yes, I’m looking for a sweater. A: Well, this one is the latest style from the fall collection. What do you think? B: It’s gorgeous. How much is it? A: Let me check the price for you. It’s \$120. B: _________________________________. A: Then how about this sweater? It’s from the last season, but it’s on sale for \$50. B: Perfect! Let me try it on.
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 3번
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‘It’s a little out of my price range(제 예산을 조금 벗어난다)’는 120달러가 비싸다는 뜻이다. 그래서 A가 ‘Then(그렇다면)’ 지난 시즌 제품으로 50달러에 할인 중인 스웨터를 권하고 B가 ‘Perfect!’라고 하는 흐름이 맞는다.
Lasers are possible because of the way light interacts with electrons. Electrons exist at specific energy levels or states characteristic of that particular atom or molecule. The energy levels can be imagined as rings or orbits around a nucleus. Electrons in outer rings are at higher energy levels than those in inner rings. Electrons can be bumped up to higher energy levels by the injection of energy－for example, by a flash of light. When an electron drops from an outer to an inner level, “excess” energy is given off as light. The wavelength or color of the emitted light is precisely related to the amount of energy released. Depending on the particular lasing material being used, specific wavelengths of light are absorbed (to energize or excite the electrons) and specific wavelengths are emitted (when the electrons fall back to their initial level).
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 1번
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첫 문장 'Lasers are possible because of the way light interacts with electrons'(레이저는 빛과 전자의 상호작용 방식 때문에 가능하다) 이후, 전자가 에너지를 받아 높은 준위로 올라갔다가 떨어지며 빛을 방출하는 원리를 설명하므로 '레이저는 어떻게 만들어지는가'가 제목입니다.
Beliefs about maintaining ties with those who have died vary from culture to culture. For example, maintaining ties with the deceased is accepted and sustained in the religious rituals of Japan. Yet among the Hopi Indians of Arizona, the deceased are forgotten as quickly as possible and life goes on as usual. (A) , the Hopi funeral ritual concludes with a break-off between mortals and spirits. The diversity of grieving is nowhere clearer than in two Muslim societies－one in Egypt, the other in Bali. Among Muslims in Egypt, the bereaved are encouraged to dwell at length on their grief, surrounded by others who relate to similarly tragic accounts and express their sorrow. (B) , in Bali, bereaved Muslims are encouraged to laugh and be joyful rather than be sad.
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(A) 뒤 ‘장례 의식이 산 자와 영혼의 단절로 끝난다’는 앞의 ‘고인을 가능한 한 빨리 잊는다’를 뒷받침하므로 In fact(실제로)가 맞다. (B)는 슬픔에 오래 머무는 이집트와 웃고 즐거워하라는 발리를 대조하므로 By contrast(대조적으로)가 맞다.
All civilizations rely on government administration. Perhaps no civilization better exemplifies this than ancient Rome. (A) To rule an area that large, the Romans, based in what is now central Italy, needed an effective system of government administration. (B) Actually, the word “civilization” itself comes from the Latin word civis, meaning “citizen.” (C) Latin was the language of ancient Rome, whose territory stretched from the Mediterranean basin all the way to parts of Great Britain in the north and the Black Sea to the east.
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정답 3번
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주어진 글이 '고대 로마만큼 정부 행정을 잘 보여 주는 문명은 없다'고 하자, (B)가 'civilization'이 라틴어 civis(시민)에서 왔다고 덧붙인다. (C)는 'Latin was the language of ancient Rome'으로 라틴어를 받아 로마의 넓은 영토를 설명하고, (A)가 'To rule an area that large(그렇게 넓은 지역을 다스리려면)' 효과적인 행정 체계가 필요했다고 마무리한다. 따라서 (B)-(C)-(A)다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 10번
밑줄 친 부분에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
A: Hey! How did your geography test go? B: Not bad, thanks. I’m just glad that it’s over! How about you? How did your science exam go? A: Oh, it went really well. _______________________. I owe you a treat for that. B: It’s my pleasure. So, do you feel like preparing for the math exam scheduled for next week? A: Sure. Let’s study together. B: It sounds good. See you later.
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정답 4번
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‘그거 도와줘서 정말 고마워’라는 뜻이다. 뒤에 A가 ‘그 보답으로 한턱낼게(I owe you a treat)’라고 하고 B가 ‘천만에(It’s my pleasure)’라고 답하므로, B가 과학 시험 준비를 도와준 데 대한 감사가 빈칸에 맞는다.
Do people from different cultures view the world differently? A psychologist presented realistic animated scenes of fish and other underwater objects to Japanese and American students and asked them to report what they had seen. Americans and Japanese made about an equal number of references to the focal fish, but the Japanese made more than 60 percent more references to background elements, including the water, rocks, bubbles, and inert plants and animals. In addition, whereas Japanese and American participants made about equal numbers of references to movement involving active animals, the Japanese participants made almost twice as many references to relationships involving inert, background objects. Perhaps most tellingly, the very first sentence from the Japanese participants was likely to be one referring to the environment, whereas the first sentence from Americans was three times as likely to be one referring to the focal fish.
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첫 문장 ‘Do people from different cultures view the world differently?(문화가 다르면 세상을 다르게 보는가?)’에 대해, 일본인은 배경과 관계를, 미국인은 중심 물고기를 먼저 언급했다는 결과를 제시한다. 문화에 따른 지각 차이가 제목이다.
Scientists have long known that higher air temperatures are contributing to the surface melting on Greenland’s ice sheet. But a new study has found another threat that has begun attacking the ice from below: Warm ocean water moving underneath the vast glaciers is causing them to melt even more quickly. The findings were published in the journal Nature Geoscience by researchers who studied one of the many “ice tongues” of the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden Glacier in northeast Greenland. An ice tongue is a strip of ice that floats on the water without breaking off from the ice on land. The massive one these scientists studied is nearly 50 miles long. The survey revealed an underwater current more than a mile wide where warm water from the Atlantic Ocean is able to flow directly towards the glacier, bringing large amounts of heat into contact with the ice and ___________ the glacier’s melting.
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accelerating은 ‘가속하다’라는 뜻이다. 따뜻한 물이 빙하 아래로 흘러 ‘melt even more quickly(더 빨리 녹게 한다)’는 앞부분과 같이, 많은 열을 얼음에 닿게 하여 빙하가 녹는 것을 가속한다는 내용이 된다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 16번
다음 글의 흐름상 어색한 문장은?
I once took a course in short-story writing and during that course a renowned editor of a leading magazine talked to our class. ① He said he could pick up any one of the dozens of stories that came to his desk every day and after reading a few paragraphs he could feel whether or not the author liked people. ② “If the author doesn’t like people,” he said, “people won’t like his or her stories.” ③ The editor kept stressing the importance of being interested in people during his talk on fiction writing. ④ Thurston, a great magician, said that every time he went on stage he said to himself, “I am grateful because I’m successful.” At the end of the talk, he concluded, “Let me tell you again. You have to be interested in people if you want to be a successful writer of stories.”
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④는 마술사 Thurston이 무대에 오를 때마다 ‘성공했으니 감사하다’고 되뇌었다는 이야기이다. 편집자의 소설 쓰기 강연과 사람에 대한 관심이라는 주제에서 벗어나 있고, 뒤의 ‘At the end of the talk, he concluded’와도 끊긴다.
A: Were you here last night? B: Yes. I worked the closing shift. Why? A: The kitchen was a mess this morning. There was food spattered on the stove, and the ice trays were not in the freezer. B: I guess I forgot to go over the cleaning checklist. A: You know how important a clean kitchen is. B: I’m sorry. _________________________
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정답 1번
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B는 청소 점검표 확인을 잊어 주방이 엉망이었다는 지적을 받고 ‘I’m sorry’라고 사과한다. 사과에 이어 ‘I won’t let it happen again(다시는 이런 일이 없게 하겠다)’고 다짐하는 것이 자연스럽다.
If someone makes you an offer and you’re legitimately concerned about parts of it, you’re usually better off proposing all your changes at once. Don’t say, “The salary is a bit low. Could you do something about it?” and then, once she’s worked on it, come back with “Thanks. Now here are two other things I’d like...” If you ask for only one thing initially, she may assume that getting it will make you ready to accept the offer (or at least to make a decision). If you keep saying “and one more thing...,” she is unlikely to remain in a generous or understanding mood. Furthermore, if you have more than one request, don’t simply mention all the things you want－A, B, C, and D; also signal the relative importance of each to you. Otherwise, she may pick the two things you value least, because they’re pretty easy to give you, and feel she’s met you halfway.
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첫 문장 ‘you’re usually better off proposing all your changes at once(바꾸고 싶은 것을 한꺼번에 제안하는 편이 낫다)’가 요지이다. 하나씩 요구하면 상대가 너그러운 태도를 잃는다고 하므로 여러 사안을 차례로가 아니라 동시에 협상하라는 진술과 맞는다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2022 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) A책형 18번
(A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?
Duration shares an inverse relationship with frequency. If you see a friend frequently, then the duration of the encounter will be shorter. Conversely, if you don’t see your friend very often, the duration of your visit will typically increase significantly. (A), if you see a friend every day, the duration of your visits can be low because you can keep up with what’s going on as events unfold. If, however, you only see your friend twice a year, the duration of your visits will be greater. Think back to a time when you had dinner in a restaurant with a friend you hadn’t seen for a long period of time. You probably spent several hours catching up on each other’s lives. The duration of the same dinner would be considerably shorter if you saw the person on a regular basis. (B), in romantic relationships the frequency and duration are very high because couples, especially newly minted ones, want to spend as much time with each other as possible. The intensity of the relationship will also be very high.
정답·근거 해설 보기
정답 1번
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(A) 뒤의 ‘친구를 매일 보면 방문 시간이 짧아도 된다’는 앞의 ‘빈도와 지속 시간은 반비례한다’의 구체적 예이므로 For example이 맞다. (B) 뒤의 ‘연인 관계에서는 빈도와 지속 시간이 모두 높다’는 반비례 원칙과 반대되는 경우이므로 Conversely가 맞다.
출처: 인사혁신처, 2023 제1회 지방직공무원 시험(시도교육청) 영어(지방9급) B책형 17번
주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?
Just a few years ago, every conversation about artificial intelligence (AI) seemed to end with an apocalyptic prediction. (A) More recently, however, things have begun to change. AI has gone from being a scary black box to something people can use for a variety of use cases. (B) In 2014, an expert in the field said that, with AI, we are summoning the demon, while a Nobel Prize winning physicist said that AI could spell the end of the human race. (C) This shift is because these technologies are finally being explored at scale in the industry, particularly for market opportunities.
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주어진 글의 'apocalyptic prediction(종말론적 예측)'의 구체적 예로 (B)가 2014년 '악마를 소환하는 것', '인류의 종말을 가져올 수 있다'는 발언을 든다. (A)는 'More recently, however'로 AI가 무서운 블랙박스에서 다양한 용도의 도구로 바뀌었다고 하고, (C)는 'This shift is because ~(이 변화는 ~ 때문이다)'로 그 변화의 이유를 설명한다. 따라서 (B)-(A)-(C)다.
A: Have you taken anything for your cold? B: No, I just blow my nose a lot. A: Have you tried nose spray? B: _________________________________ A: It works great. B: No, thanks. I don’t like to put anything in my nose, so I’ve never used it.
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B는 마지막에 ‘I don’t like to put anything in my nose, so I’ve never used it(코에 뭘 넣기 싫어 써 본 적 없다)’고 한다. 써 보았냐는 질문에 ‘No, I don’t like nose spray(아니, 코 스프레이는 싫다)’고 답하는 것이 이와 맞는다.
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